*Stapes c. inner hair cells of the spiral organ a. Presbyopia Receptor cells can be further categorized on the basis of the type of stimuli they transduce. Which of the following are true of an acoustic neuroma? what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? The sweetener known as stevia can replace glucose in food. b. Pigmented layer of retina Receptors are the cells or structures that detect sensations. a. Fill in the blanks. detect pain, temperature. Inner: 1) Fibrous tunic A part of the auditory pathway responsible for auditory reflexes is the Exteroceptors Gustatory cells are found in taste __________. Overlapping between Wound Healing Occurring in Tumor Growth and in Central Nervous System Neurodegenerative Diseases. A pressure receptor in the skin could be classified as a(n) ______. Tonic receptors are slow adapting receptors. Click and drag the structures involved in the auditory projection pathway to the correct item shown in the figure. e. Lacrimal canaliculus Thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature changes, and photoreceptors are sensitive to light energy. Pacinian corpuscles: Pacinian corpuscles, such as these visualized using bright field light microscopy, detect pressure (touch) and high-frequency vibration. a. the pupil size is too narrow. The sensory receptors in the skin are: Mechanoreceptors Ruffini's end organ (skin stretch) End-bulbs of Krause (Cold) Meissner's corpuscle (changes in texture, slow vibrations) Pacinian corpuscle (deep pressure, fast vibrations) Merkel's disc (sustained touch and pressure) Free nerve endings thermoreceptor nociceptors chemoreceptors These include mechanoreceptors that detect light touch, vibration, pressure, and texture; nociceptors that detect pain; and thermoreceptors that detect temperature. The posterior cavity contains the __________ canal, a remnant of embryonic development. Chemoreceptors are stimulated by a change in the chemical composition of the local environment. Pacinian corpuscles detect rapid vibrations (about 200-300 Hz). They are found in the bone periosteum, joint capsules, pancreas and other viscera, breast, and genitals. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. 1) Sclera 2) Choroid 3) Pigmented layer 4) Neural layer What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes? Qualitative Evaluation of Intracranial Pressure Slopes in Patients Undergoing Brain Death Protocol. In the eye, the __________ humor is gelatinous. Meissners corpuscles extend into the lower dermis. a - Thalamus meissner corpuscles are type of receptors present in the skinf which is r . Drag and drop the labels into the appropriate location on the figure. Mascular degeneration occurs when the __________ degenerates. 4. vestibular membrane Interoceptorsor visceroceptorsrespond to stimuli arising within the body such as chemical stimuli, deep pressure, and many others. deep tactile receptors detects continuous pressure in skin; when stretching the skin Pacinian corpuscle: deepest receptors: they are located in between the deep dermis & subcutaneous layer; and since it is located deeper, it has contact to our muscles and joints. the triangle, given the coordinates of its vertices. - Foliate Accordingly, cell type-specific deletion of PAR2 in myeloid immune cells resulted in a curtailed skin inflammation and hapten-specific T cell response in CHS mice. Free nerve endings are usually found in the: The semicircular canals are continuous in the: The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the: - Semicircular canals d. tympanic membrane. Sensory receptors are classified into five categories: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, pain receptors, and chemoreceptors. Various feature extraction methods have been proposed in the literature. Receptors can be classified structurally on the basis of cell type and their position in relation to stimuli they sense. In humans, touch receptors are less dense in skin covered with any type of hair, such as the arms, legs, torso, and face. 1. Ruffini's end organs detect tension deep in the skin. 2 - Sound waves are amplified due to movement by the auditory ossicles. name and arguments, use TriCirc (A, B, C). There are six different types of receptors in our skin that allow us to feel and perceive touch. Which of the following muscles are located within the middle ear? Some stimuli are physical variations in the environment that affect receptor cell membrane potentials. interoceptors Place the three regions of the ear in order from lateral to medial: - external ear - inner ear - middle ear 1. Which are examples of both somatic and visceral sensory receptors? deep pressure and vibration: lamellar (Pacinian) corpus- cles, in reticular layer. Deeper in the epidermis, near the base, are Ruffini endings, which are also known as bulbous corpuscles. A pressure receptor in the skin could be classified as a (n) ______ a. interoceptor. a. Na+ A fifth type of mechanoreceptor, Krause end bulbs, are found only in specialized regions. Mt. This page titled 36.3: Somatosensation - Somatosensory Receptors is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Boundless. the general sense of touch, which is known as somatosensation, can be separated into light pressure, deep pressure, vibration, itch, pain, temperature, or hair . a) Vibration. The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the __________ division of the nervous system. * saccharine, EXs associated w/ what taste sensation? 5. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. b. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. - Supporting cells Electrical sensors and stimulators can help quadriplegic victims flex their limbs. They may be massed together to form a sense organ, such as the eye or ear, or they may be scattered, as are those of the skin and viscera. There are fewer Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings in skin than there are Merkels disks and Meissners corpuscles. *Tensor tympani muscle, Structures apart of inner, middle, or outer ear? what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? They will respond to the stimulus as long as it persists, and produce a continuous frequency of action potentials. f. Superior colliculus -Highly concentrated in and around the macula b - Primary auditory cortex Both the upper and lower layers of the skin hold rapidly and slowly adapting receptors. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart, Chapter 20. These sensory receptors are known as the cutaneous receptors and they are found in the epidermis and dermis of the skin. The papillae that are fewest in number, but contain the most taste buds, are the _________ papillae. SURVEY . Sensory information from the body that is conveyed through spinal nerves will project to the opposite side of the brain to be processed by the cerebral cortex. : *Semicircular canals *Vestibular *Cochlea *Saccule *Basilar membrane What substance produced in the external ear impedes microorganism growth? Some stimuli are ions and macromolecules that affect transmembrane receptor proteins by binding or by directly diffusing across the cell membrane. Different kinds of receptors respond to different kinds e. Cochlear branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) The bipolar cells do not stimulate the ganglion cells. Treated with convex lens. Mechanoreceiving free nerve endings detect touch, pressure, and stretching. a. medial geniculate nucleus. Osmoreceptors respond to solute concentrations of body fluids. Correctly label the structures associated with the lacrimal apparatus. Hearing and balance are also sensed by mechanoreceptors. Activated rhodopsin inhibits the production of glutamate by rods. What do Merkel cells detect? - DARK Thirdly, the functional classification is based on how the cell transduces the stimulus into a neural signal. b. somatic sensory receptor. Describing sensory function with the term sensation or perception is a deliberate distinction. c. overlapping visual fields. Are receptors that can respond to changes in pressure? - Exposure to acid on the skin (credit: modification of work by Wbensmith/Wikimedia Commons; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). Special pressure sensors called baroreceptors (or venoatrial stretch receptors) located in the right atrium of the heart detect increases in the volume and pressure of blood returned to the heart. Mechanoreceptors are part of the nervous system that detect changes in movement or pressure. These categories are based on the nature of stimuli each receptor class transduces. During hearing, the structure(s) first to vibrate is/are the Merkels disks (shown in Figure2) are found in the upper layers of skin near the base of the epidermis, both in skin that has hair and on glabrous skin, that is, the hairless skin found on the palms and fingers, the soles of the feet, and the lips of humans and other primates. Merkels disks are densely distributed in the fingertips and lips. Note that these warmth detectors are situated deeper in the skin than are the cold detectors. (credit: modification of work by Don Bliss, National Cancer Institute). CN 8 has two divisions, the __________ branch and the __________ branch. Consider the following figure, where three forces are applied to a block of mass 2 kg, initially at rest. Tags: Question 21 . -Choroid d. Astigmatism, What may be the cause of hyperopia? Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue. c. Visceral sensory neurons travel along the same pathway as many somatic sensory neurons. : *Pinna outer Structures apart of inner, middle, or outer ear? - It can be caused by exposure to loud music. In this paper, an acoustic radiation force-optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) system was proposed to evaluate LVC by measuring the residual stromal bed (RSB) elasticity, because it is directly relevant to the RSB . In other words, they are detecting _________ The sensory receptors of the inner ear for equilibrium are An injury to the upper part of the spinal cord may result in quadriplegia, or paralysis of both upper and lower limbs. -Uses photopsin. These modalities include pressure, vibration, light touch, tickle, itch, temperature, pain, proprioception, and kinesthesia. Somatosensation occurs all over the exterior of the body and at some interior locations as well. Receptors are spread throughout the body, with large numbers found in the skin. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. *Saccule For this reason, capsaicin can be used as a topical analgesic, such as in products like Icy Hot. e. stapes. d. supporting cells. Researchers are looking for ways to cure paralysis. 1 - Sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate. a. basilar membrane. d. Temporal bone. -Involved with night vision -Saccule Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of sound waves through the ear and hearing apparatus starting outside the ear. For example, the general sense of touch, which is known as somatosensation, can be separated into light pressure, deep pressure, vibration, itch, pain, temperature, or hair movement. c. Norepinephrine If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. They involve special tiny organs. Which layer of the retina provides vitamin A for the photoreceptor cells? a.The brain gives preference to exteroreceptors. Aqueous humor is secreted into the __________ chamber before traveling to the __________ chamber of the eye. Other stimuli include the electromagnetic radiation from visible light. Spinal nerves have mixed populations of fibers; some are motor fibers and some are sensory. Age-related loss of the lenses' ability to change shape. Merkels disks and Meissners corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the fingertips. 7 - Scala tympani Merkels disks are densely distributed in the fingertips and lips. The general senses can be divided into somatosensation, which is commonly considered touch, but includes tactile, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain perception. The __________, the black hole in the eye, is surrounded by the colorful _________. 4 - Ossicles b. Visceral pain can be so great that it causes somatic pain. Stretching of the skin is transduced by stretch receptors known as bulbous corpuscles. 1. endolymph of cochlear duct Vitreous humor, anterior chamber, lens, pupil, posterior chamber, vascular tunic, cornea, retina. - Touching a hot pan. b. sensations. what is the order that sounds travels in the inner ear? They are a cutaneous receptor found in the dermis or epidermis. ____ Current evidence suggests that endothermy evolved at least four times. Rapidly adapting light-touch receptors Located in superficial dermis Pacinian corpuscles: Detect deep pressure and vibration Located in deep dermis Epidermis Derived from ectoderm Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 4 or 5 main layers: Stratum basale (stratum germinativum): Deepest layer Germinating layer a. hair cells covered by an otolithic membrane f. Ganglion cell, 1. Merkel cells function as type 1 mechano-receptors and can sense light touches. c. incus. Middle ear 3. These are slow-adapting, encapsulated mechanoreceptors that detect skin stretch and deformations within joints, so they provide valuable feedback for gripping objects and controlling finger position and movement. Large receptors respond to deep pressure and vibration j. Ruffini endings (bulbous corpuscle) i. What are receptors for the general senses? Physical changes in these proteins increase ion flow across the membrane, and can generate a graded potential in the sensory neurons. d. Dopamine, a. hair cells covered by an otolithic membrane, When you travel in an elevator (which moves linearly in space), the ___________ detect when the elevator is accelerating or decelerating. Mechanoreceptors sense stimuli due to physical deformation of their plasma membranes. a. malleus. In proprioception, proprioceptive and kinesthetic signals travel through myelinated afferent neurons running from the spinal cord to the medulla. - Pharyngotympanic tube They are rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that sense deep transient (but not prolonged) pressure and high-frequency vibration. These nerve endings detect the movement of hair at the surface of the skin, such as when an insect may be walking along the skin. The lacrimal gland is made of two parts, the palpebral part and the __________ part. Cis-retinal and opsin re-form rhodopsin. 7 - The cochlear branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) is stimulated. b. gets higher. d. gets lower. Each of the senses is referred to as a sensory modality. b. Axons of ganglion cells from temporal halves of both retinas Vibrations in the perilymph move the: a. tympanic membrane b. basilar membrane c. tectorial membrane d. stapes; What type of stimulus is detected by the sensory receptors of the skin? If strong enough, the graded potential causes the sensory neuron to produce an action potential that is relayed into the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated with other sensory informationand sometimes higher cognitive functionsto become a conscious perception of that stimulus. ; Sensory receptors can be classified by the type of stimulus that generates a . - LIGHT. Did you have an idea for improving this content? : Three types of receptors detect touch: Meissner corpuscles, Merkel disks, and free nerve endings. In 2009, an eruption threw solid volcanic rocks that landed 1km1 \mathrm{~km}1km horizontally from the crater. Other overlooked senses include temperature perception by thermoreceptors and pain perception by nociceptors. 4. endolymph of cochlear duct - DARK How is receptor density estimated in a human subject? Despite the rapidly growing popularity of laser vision correction (LVC) in the correction of myopia, its quantitative evaluation has not been thoroughly investigated. Pacinian corpuscles; a large, encapsulated tactile receptor that detects deep pressure and high-frequency vibration. The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjunctive is called the: Which of the following are a part of the fibrous tunic? Mammalian skin has three layers: an epidermis, a dermis, and a hypodermis. Endolymph has a __________ sodium and __________ potassium concentration. During hearing, the last structure(s) to vibrate is/are the - It is a benign tumor Within the realm of physiology, senses can be classified as either general or special. They are rapidly adapting, fluid-filled, encapsulated neurons with small, well-defined borders and are responsive to fine details. Modality refers to the way that information is encoded into a perception. Rhodopsin absorbs light rays Possible cures include removal of scar tissue and transplantation of cells that promote nerve growth. d. oval window. A tactile sensory receptorcan be defined as the peripheral ending of a sensory neuron and its accessory structures, which may be part of the nerve cell or may come from epithelial or connective tissue. b. Ca 2+ Optic nerve The pathways between sensory receptors and SI are modality specific and are anatomically and electrophysiologically distinct. c. Saccule Finally, a proprioceptor is a receptor located near a moving part of the body, such as a muscle or joint capsule, that interprets the positions of the tissues as they move. Activated rhodopsin inhibits the production of glutamate by rods. b. vestibular cells. b. tympanic membrane. Listing all the different sensory modalities, which can number as many as 17, involves separating the five major senses into more specific categories, or submodalities, of the larger sense. b. spiral organ. What causes Trachoma, a type of conjunctivitis? What is the margin between the photosensitive and nonphotosensitive regions of the retina called? For humans, the only electromagnetic energy that is perceived by our eyes is visible light. They are rapidly- adapting, fluid-filled, encapsulated neurons with small, well-defined borders which are responsive to fine details. Also, what is referred to simply as touch can be further subdivided into pressure, vibration, stretch, and hair-follicle position, on the basis of the type of mechanoreceptors that perceive these touch sensations. Related to these are Golgi tendon organs, which are tension receptors that detect the force of muscle contraction. __________ of the eye is receded into the orbit. Rods continuously release the neurotransmitter glutamate. The vitreous body is also called the vitreous __________. Respond to deep and continuous pressure k. Muscle spindles i. Proprioceptors that Detect muscle stretch and initiate a reflex that resists the stretch l. Tendon organs i. Proprioceptors located in tendons that detect stretch m. Joint kinesthetic i. The . Olfactory glands are also known as _________ glands. Determine the angle that the transmission axis of the polarizing sheet makes with the horizontal. Pacinian receptors detect pressure and vibration by being compressed which stimulates their internal dendrites. Different types of stimuli are sensed by different types of receptors. detect hearing and balance. c. Malleus b. Membranous labyrinth These receptors transmit information along the vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) to the central nervous system. what ion is responsible for depolarization of hair cells of the spiral organ? g. Auditory tube, Outer: 4. Action potentials triggered by receptor cells, however, are indirect. 3. vestibular membrane Order the structures of the eye fromsuperficial to deep. Sensory receptors are classified into five categories: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, proprioceptors, pain receptors, and chemoreceptors. What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers? e. Detectable odors are actually combinations of a smaller number of primary odors. d. The pain signal will often enter the spinal cord through the incorrect root. 6. perilymph of scala tympani a. hair cells. which is a type of tonic receptor that detects both continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin? The Merkel nerve endings (also known as Merkel discs) detect sustained pressure. _____ corpuscles in the dermis detect pressure, whereas _____ corpuscles in the dermis detect fine touch. b. ossicles of the middle ear Deep pressure and vibration are transmitted lamellar (Pacini) bodies, which are receptors with encapsulated endings found deep in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue.Light touch is transmitted by encapsulated endings known as tactile (Meissner) bodies. If you drag your finger across a textured surface, the skin of your finger will vibrate. The nociceptive receptorsthose that detect painare located near the surface. -Pinna (auricle) a. Semicircular canal http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8, Describe four important mechanoreceptors in human skin, Describe the topographical distribution of somatosensory receptors. Neurons are not physically connected, but communicate via neurotransmitters secreted into synapses or gaps between communicating neurons. -Involved with color vision 3. Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli and are the basis for olfaction and gustation. (credit: modification of work by Ed Uthman; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). a. medial geniculate nucleus. e. Bipolar cells A free nerve ending, as its name implies, is an unencapsulated dendrite of a sensory neuron. From the soft touch of the child to the painful punch of a boxer, all the daily activities carry . Somatosensation is also known as tactile sense, or more familiarly, as the sense of touch. A third classification of receptors is by how the receptor transduces stimuli into membrane potential changes. How does light affect rhodopsin? Structures apart of inner, middle, or outer ear? Follicles are also wrapped in a plexus of nerve endings known as the hair follicle plexus. These are slow-adapting, encapsulated mechanoreceptors that detect skin stretch and deformations within joints; they provide valuable feedback for gripping objects and controlling finger position and movement. Anterior two-thirds of the tongue - Facial nerve (CN VII) What do stretch receptors do? d. the ability to determine how close or far away an object is. What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina? The relative density of pressure receptors in different locations on the body can be demonstrated experimentally using a two-point discrimination test. The bipolar cells stimulate the ganglion cells. Merkels disks are abundant on the fingertips and lips. e. Tensor tympani muscle 5 - Oval window __________ receptors lose sensitivity over time. d. outer hair cells of the spiral organ which is activated in the two-point discrimination test, employs several types of receptors. Order the auditory ossicles from lateral to medial. 2. Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. In addition to these two types of deeper receptors, there are also rapidly adapting hair receptors, which are found on nerve endings that wrap around the base of hair follicles. Graded potentials in free and encapsulated nerve endings are called generator potentials. d. Tactile corpuscles Figure4. Also located in the dermis of the skin are lamellated and tactile corpuscles, neurons with encapsulated nerve endings that respond to pressure and touch. Pacinian receptors detect pressure and vibration by being compressed, stimulating their internal dendrites. Thus, they also contribute to proprioception and kinesthesia. A sensation occurs when neural impulses from these receptors reach the cerebral cortex. 1. Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus? The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. Compute the work done by the air. The main sensory modalities can be described on the basis of how each stimulus is transduced and perceived. Touch and pressure are sensed by four types of mechanoreceptors ( Figure 8-1 ). what type of receptors detect deep pressure and vibration? a. Choroid What is the function of the auditory ossicles? 6. d. Fibers of the cochlear nerve 2) Vascular tunic Which structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? 30 seconds . The structural classifications are either based on the anatomy of the cell that is interacting with the stimulus (free nerve endings, encapsulated endings, or specialized receptor cell), or where the cell is located relative to the stimulus (interoceptor, exteroceptor, proprioceptor). a. gets louder. 2. round window, What is the correct order through which sound travels in the inner ear? e - Cochlear branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) Identify and briefly explain the two single-gene diseases. They are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve endings, and they respond to light touch. Stretch receptors are found at various sites in the digestive and urinary systems. -Posterior one-third of the tongue and the superior pharynx The configuration of the different types of receptors working in concert in human skin results in a very refined sense of touch. The sensory fibers connect to the spinal cord through the dorsal root, which is attached to the dorsal root ganglion. a. Lacrimal gland d. basilar membrane and vestibular membrane. It is not surprising, then, that humans detect cold stimuli before they detect warm stimuli.

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